FIVE KINGDOM SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION

FIVE KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION

Main characteristics of each kingdom

S.No.	Kingdom	Features	Examples
1.	Monera	Unicellular and prokaryotic. No organized nucleus. Lack membrane bound organelles.	Bacteria, blue green bacteria and some unicellular algae
2.	Protista	Unicellular and eukaryotic Have well defined nucleus Some are multicellular and photosynthetic	Chlamydomonas, Amoeba, Paramecium
3.	Fungi	Multicellular Eukaryotic Saprophytic Most of them are made up of thread –like hyphae rather than cells and are multinucleated	Mushrooms, Penicillium
4.	Plantae	Multicellular Eukaryotic Have chlorophyll and are autotrophic	Mosses, ferns, flowering and flowerless plants (pine).
5.	Animalia	Multicellular Eukaryotic Heterotrophic Usually mobile	Man, cat, cobra, honeybee

Classification of animals

S.No.	Type	Features	Examples
		INVERTEBRATES
1.	Phylum Porifera	Pore bearers Aquatic and fixed to the substratum Possess spongy fibres for protection	Bathsponge, Sycon
2.	Phylum Cnidaria	Possess sac-like body Have two layered body wall with single cavity Exhibit radial symmetry Have tentacles for movement	Hydra, Jellyfish, Corals
3.	Phylum Platyhelminthes	Small, soft, flattened and unsegmented Do not possess a body cavity Possess an alimentary canal with mouth Generally parasitic in nature	Parasitic- Liverfluke, Tapeworm Free living- Planarian
4.	Phylum Nematoda	Long, cylindrical and unsegmented Do not possess a body cavity Alimentary canal with anus and mouth Generally parasitic in nature	Ascaris, Hookworm
5.	Phylum Annelida	Body cylindrical and segmented Well developed digestive system with anus and mouth Possess true body cavity, coelom	Earthworm, Leeches
6.	Phylum Arthropoda (the largest phylum)	Possess jointed limbs(legs) Exoskeleton made up of chitin Exhibit moulting         (casting off and then regrowth of exoskeleton)	Crabs, Butterfly, Spider, Millepede
7.	Phylum Mollusca	Soft, unsegmented body with hard calcareous shell for protection Possess muscular foot for locomotion	Snails, Slugs, Octopuses
8.	Phylum Echinodermata	Unsegmented, marine animals Possess exoskeleton and a spiny surface Possess tube feet for locomotion exhibit radial symmetry	Starfish, Sea urchins, Sea cucumbers
		VERTEBRATES      (PHYLUM CHORDATA)
1.	Class Pisces	Completely adapted to aquatic life Possess two-chambered heart Breathe by means of gills Cold blooded(poikilothermal) Body is covered with scales Have fins for locomotion	Cartilaginous(skeleton made of cartilage)-Sharks, Dogfish Bony(skeleton made of bone)-Carps, Trouts, Roaches
2.	Class Amphibia	Live partly on land and partly in water Eggs are laid in water Larvae breathe by gills and adults breathe by lungs Possess moist, smooth and slimy skin An eardrum is present on the surface of the skin Possess five fingered limbs and three-chambered heart Cold-blooded	Frog, Toad, Salamander
3.	Class Reptilia	Completely adapted to life on land Eggs have a leathery shell Breathe by means of lungs Possess rough, horny scales on the skin Have three-chambered heart Cold Blooded	Lizard, Snakes, Turtle, Crocodile
4.	Class Aves	Breathe by means of lungs Have exoskeleton of feathers Fore limbs modified into wings Possess scaly legs Have four-chambered heart Body stream lined and skeleton light to facilitate flying Warm blooded(homeothermal) Lay eggs with calcareous shell	Pigeon, Sparrow, Crow, Owl
5.	Class Mammalia	Most highly developed organisms on earth Give birth to young ones(exceptions-Australian ant eater and Duckbilled platypus) Suckle young ones with mammary glands Have hair on their skin Warm blooded Possess four chambered heart Breathe with lungs Have a pair of external ears and external testes	Cat, Dog, Rat, Man